Atlas400 dimensions
Dimension atlas
All 400 dimensions400 proxy dimensions
D0001market return premiummarket return premium measures the extent to which expressions refer to returns in excess of a baseline safe rate or to closely related market-return spread and volatility formulations. It encompasses generic credit-rate spread language at weak activation, broader market and equity return spread language, and strongly explicit excess market return formulations.
D0002borrowing exposureborrowing exposure measures the extent to which an expression concerns debt financing, bank borrowing, and credit obligations relative to the firm or its assets. It encompasses references ranging from incidental or weak borrowing-related context to explicit loan balances, liabilities, and credit exposure.
D0003ownership control concentrationownership control concentration measures how strongly ownership, voting rights, and control are concentrated in particular shareholders, insiders, executives, or governing groups. It encompasses both the distribution of shares and voting rights and the extent to which control is organized around dominant holders or control-limiting arrangements.
D0004incentive payoffincentive payoff measures the extent to which an expression centers on gains, returns, utility, payoff, and willingness to incur costs in relation to motivating choices or effort. It encompasses simple references to available or realized gains as well as more explicit treatment of incentive-linked utility, payoff, and effort tradeoffs.
D0005disruptive adverse eventsdisruptive adverse events measures the presence and severity of consequential negative developments that interrupt normal continuity, such as losses, removals, withdrawals, sudden terminations, or triggering events. It encompasses expressions ranging from routine market or risk changes to clear, immediate disruptions with concrete harmful consequences.
D0006employment extentemployment extent measures how strongly an expression refers to the amount, rate, share, or count of people engaged in work or payroll activity. It encompasses broad economic production language when employment is only indirect, as well as explicit references to workforce size, employment rates, and worker counts.
D0007capital intensitycapital intensity measures the extent to which expressions emphasize capital, assets, investments, and capital outlays relative to total resources or asset base. It encompasses both the holding of capital in asset form and the commitment of resources to capital expenditures.
D0008order execution activityorder execution activity measures the extent to which an expression is centered on placed orders, executed trades, traded volume, and related market-liquidity activity. It encompasses references to order-book participation, execution frequency, and the volume or share of trading that comes from executed orders.
D0009acquisition transaction focusacquisition transaction focus measures how strongly an expression is centered on acquisition deals, the acquiring party, the target, and transaction-related financial metrics. It encompasses references ranging from general market or valuation language to explicit deal-specific measures involving acquirers, targets, returns, assets, and announcement-period comparisons.
D0010fund cost burdenfund cost burden measures the extent to which an expression describes a fund in terms of fees, sales loads, distribution charges, and intermediary compensation rather than neutral structure or general management. It encompasses both the presence of cost-related deductions from assets and reliance on fee-generating distribution arrangements.
D0011investment performanceinvestment performance measures the extent to which an expression describes favorable financial returns or performance relative to peers, benchmarks, predicted returns, or other comparison standards. It encompasses simple statements of outperformance as well as stronger claims of superior, benchmark-beating, or top-ranked results.
D0012quantitative association framingquantitative association framing measures the extent to which an expression presents variables in terms of directional magnitude and explicit relations such as increases, decreases, higher or lower levels, and associated outcomes. It encompasses comparative, correlational, and effect-style statements that foreground how one quantity relates to another.
D0013time intervaltime interval measures the length of time separating a starting point from an ending point or the amount of time that has elapsed since an origin event. It encompasses generic periods, fixed durations, and elapsed spans tied to dates, founding points, openings, repayments, or other reference events.
D0014asset valuationasset valuation measures the extent to which an expression focuses on assigning economic value to a firm, asset, or enterprise. It encompasses general references to value as well as more explicit valuation based on assets, replacement cost, and discounted future cash flows.
D0015price volatilityprice volatility measures the extent of fluctuation or variability in asset or stock prices and returns over time. It encompasses expressions describing price movement magnitude, return variability, and formal volatility or variance-based characterizations of those fluctuations.
D0016household financial holdingshousehold financial holdings measures the presence, composition, and documentation of a household's financial assets, savings, equity, and related borrowing arrangements. It encompasses expressions about whether a household maintains accounts, holds investments or securities, includes assets in net worth, or is described in terms of asset and debt positions.
D0017body weight statusbody weight status measures the extent to which an expression refers to body mass, adiposity, or relative weight status, especially as indexed against peer or group norms. It encompasses general references to height and weight as well as more explicit expressions of BMI and obesity.
D0018international business exposureinternational business exposure measures the extent to which an expression indicates business activity, ownership, sales, revenue, assets, or operations that extend beyond the home country. It encompasses both explicit foreign or cross-border involvement and the degree to which a firm's activity is tied to markets or operations abroad.
D0019monetary policy orientationmonetary policy orientation measures the extent to which an expression is specifically about central-bank interest-rate setting, policy rules, targets, and policy shocks or objectives. It encompasses both narrow references to deviations between actual and implied policy rates and broader references to the conduct and aims of monetary policy.
D0020housing market valuationhousing market valuation measures the extent to which an expression concerns the pricing, value, rent, appreciation, or market assessment of residential property. It encompasses both individual-property valuation references and broader housing-market pricing and rental indicators.
D0021price informativenessprice informativeness measures the extent to which market or asset prices are treated as reflecting, aggregating, or revealing underlying fundamental value and information. It encompasses expressions about prices incorporating signals, aligning with fundamentals, or being distorted relative to those fundamentals.
D0022deceptive financial conductdeceptive financial conduct measures the extent to which expressions describe concealment, manipulation, misreporting, or opportunistic use of privileged information in financial or organizational activity. It encompasses both indirect obscuring of true performance or timing and more explicit acts of diversion, underreporting, and strategic exploitation.
D0023legal enforcement strengthlegal enforcement strength measures the extent to which expressions describe a functioning legal order that sets rules, protects rights, and enforces contracts and obligations. It encompasses both the presence of formal legal-regulatory structures and the effectiveness, impartiality, and predictability of their enforcement.
D0024analyst forecast activityanalyst forecast activity measures the extent to which an expression centers on analysts' earnings forecasts and related evaluative features such as consensus, dispersion, precision, accuracy, and prediction variability. It encompasses both general mention of forecast-based expectations and more explicit quantification of forecast properties.
D0025violent crime exposureviolent crime exposure measures the extent to which an expression refers to the presence, rate, or frequency of criminal, violent, or intimidatory incidents. It encompasses general criminal incidents as well as more specific references to domestic violence, assaults, homicides, arson, and targeted intimidation.
D0026venture financingventure financing measures the extent to which an expression concerns venture investment activity, including firms, funds, portfolio holdings, financing rounds, investors, and capital received. It encompasses both general references to venture capital management and more specific references to startup financing events and investment activity.
D0027risk aversionrisk aversion measures the tendency or preference to avoid uncertainty, potential loss, or volatility by placing lower value on risky outcomes. It encompasses both general references to penalizing risk and more explicit quantified or estimated expressions of aversion to risk.
D0028capital adequacy regulationcapital adequacy regulation measures the extent to which an expression focuses on formal requirements and ratio-based constraints governing bank capital, solvency, leverage, and asset risk. It encompasses references to mandated thresholds, regulatory limits, and more specific capital adequacy frameworks tied to risk-weighted assets and equity buffers.
D0029pricing deviationpricing deviation measures the extent to which expressions focus on departures, dispersion, or error in prices and pricing outcomes. It encompasses both general references to price variation and more explicit quantification of mispricing, pricing error, and pricing accuracy.
D0030ratio-based quantificationratio-based quantification measures the extent to which an expression frames its content as a quantified proportion, ratio, or derived comparative metric. It encompasses direct proportions, scaled amounts, and explicitly defined or aggregated ratios used to represent a quantity.
D0031Lehman service relianceLehman service reliance measures the extent to which an expression indicates use of, dependence on, or allocation of business to Lehman Brothers across financial services such as underwriting, advisory work, arranging, execution, and commissions. It encompasses both specific transactional involvement and broader reliance on Lehman Brothers as a service provider.
D0032market risk orientationmarket risk orientation measures the extent to which an expression is framed around return and volatility in relation to broad market, systematic, and firm-specific risk sources. It encompasses references to how outcomes move with market forces as well as how they are partitioned into systematic and idiosyncratic components.
D0033parent-child family referenceparent-child family reference measures the extent to which an expression is framed around parent or child kinship terms, including biological, adoptive, and deceased-parent references. It encompasses mentions of parents, children, and family-status descriptors regardless of whether the surrounding content concerns assets, counts, or life events.
D0034debt burdendebt burden measures the extent to which an expression describes debt as a substantial financial obligation or financing load relative to income, assets, value, or broader economic capacity. It encompasses references to debt ratios, debt issuance, debt-financed assets, and the intensity of debt obligations.
D0035liquidity conditionsliquidity conditions measures the availability and ease with which assets or markets can be converted or traded without substantial cost or delay. It encompasses direct descriptions of liquid asset availability, institution-level liquidity creation or transaction-cost evaluation, and broader aggregate market illiquidity and liquidity risk.
D0036market competitionmarket competition measures the degree to which expressions describe a market as populated by rivals, competitors, and competing firms. It encompasses both the presence of potential or entering competitors and the intensity or structure of rivalry within a market or industry.
D0037compensation emphasiscompensation emphasis measures the extent to which an expression focuses on pay, salary, remuneration, benefits, and related monetary reward arrangements. It encompasses both general references to compensation and more specific discussion of executive and CEO pay structure.
D0038workplace injury incidenceworkplace injury incidence measures the presence and extent of expressions about occupational injuries, hazards, and safety events, especially when framed as counts, rates, or frequency indicators. It encompasses both general references to safety-related harm and more explicit quantification of injury occurrence among employees.
D0039financial decision complexityfinancial decision complexity measures how strongly an expression centers on choices, tradeoffs, frictions, and strategic allocation within financial settings. It encompasses movement from simple descriptive references to wealth or returns toward explicit treatment of interacting constraints, positioning, and investment or capital-allocation decisions.
D0040managerial abilitymanagerial ability measures the extent to which an expression refers to a manager's skill, capacity, effectiveness, or performance-related contribution. It encompasses both indirect references to manager-linked outcomes or actions and direct descriptions of managerial skill or ability.
D0041event-driven return responseevent-driven return response measures the extent to which an expression focuses on abnormal or excess returns observed in a defined window around a market-relevant event or announcement. It encompasses cumulative return reactions tied to dated events, with stronger activation when the response is framed as a short-window announcement effect.
D0042film industryfilm industry measures how strongly an expression is centered on films, studios, production, box office, and related entertainment-business topics. It encompasses both general references to film production and more specific references to commercial performance, financing, distribution, and market structure within that domain.
D0043investor focusinvestor focus measures how centrally an expression is organized around investors, their actions, constraints, flows, and related financial activity. It encompasses references ranging from incidental or structural mentions of investors to direct descriptions of investor behavior, decision processes, and investor-linked outcomes.
D0044banking deregulationbanking deregulation measures the extent to which expressions describe banking activity as legally permitted, liberalized, or unrestricted across state lines or within states. It encompasses regulatory openness to entry, branching, and interstate expansion by banking organizations.
D0045air travel activityair travel activity measures the extent to which an expression concerns passenger air transportation, including routes, traffic flows, carriers, fares, and related market outcomes. It captures whether the expression is largely unrelated to this domain, generally non-diagnostic, focused on air travel connectivity and traffic, or centered on airline passenger market activity.
D0046financial liquidity bufferingfinancial liquidity buffering measures the extent to which expressions describe maintaining cash, liquid assets, credit access, or financial slack as a protective reserve against constraints, shocks, or funding shortfalls. It encompasses both general liquidity preservation and explicitly precautionary reserve holding.
D0047treatment assignmenttreatment assignment measures whether an expression identifies a person, firm, fund, cohort, or other entity as belonging to a treated group or condition in a comparative setup. It encompasses explicit designation, assignment, inclusion, or distinction from controls based on exposure, policy, or defining criteria.
D0048equity issuance activityequity issuance activity measures the extent to which an expression is specifically about issuing, raising, trading, or otherwise transacting in equity. It encompasses broad references to equity at the low end, explicit equity trading activity in the middle, and quantified equity issuance or issuance intensity at the high end.
D0049data sourcing specificitydata sourcing specificity measures how explicitly an expression describes the origin, derivation, and documented source of quantitative information. It encompasses whether information is merely reported as calculated or computed, versus being tied to quoted inputs, records, files, databases, or regularly collected historical sources.
D0050Sharpe ratio focusSharpe ratio focus measures how strongly an expression centers on the Sharpe ratio as a way of characterizing risk-adjusted return, excess return per unit of risk, or related portfolio performance calculations. It encompasses both general mention of this performance metric and more formulaic or elaborated discussion of its computation and variants.
D0051payment delinquencypayment delinquency measures the presence and severity of missed or overdue required payments on a credit or loan obligation. It encompasses expressions describing delinquent payments, nonperforming status, and extended failure to make minimum or monthly payments.
D0052payday borrowing exposurepayday borrowing exposure measures the presence and extent of involvement with payday lending and related alternative credit. It encompasses expressions about payday loan availability, payday loan terms, and direct borrowing or accumulated amounts obtained through payday loans.
D0053mortgage origination activitymortgage origination activity measures the extent to which an expression concerns the creation, issuance, and volume of residential mortgage loans. It encompasses both general mortgage and loan-to-value references and more specific references to new mortgage originations, purchase lending, and market distribution of newly issued loans.
D0054spousal relational referencespousal relational reference measures the extent to which an expression is organized around a spouse or marital relationship as the salient person or status. It encompasses references to spouses, wives, husbands, widowhood, remarriage, and spouse-centered roles, attributes, or decisions.
D0055lobbying activitylobbying activity measures the extent to which an expression indicates political lobbying, advocacy, contributions, or related spending by an organization. It encompasses both general references to political influence activity and more explicit reporting of lobbying expenditures and ranking by spending intensity.
D0056financial contagion riskfinancial contagion risk measures the extent to which expressions describe financial distress as transmissible across linked institutions, investors, markets, or countries. It encompasses vulnerability to cascading failures, runs, fire sales, and shock propagation through financial interconnectedness.
D0057consumption growth focusconsumption growth focus measures the extent to which an expression centers on consumption, especially its growth, variation, and use as an economic indicator or linkage mechanism. It encompasses simple mention of consumption as well as more elaborated references to consumption trends, expenditures, cycles, and statistical properties.
D0058trading pressuretrading pressure measures the presence and strength of directional market demand or supply expressed as buying pressure, selling pressure, or net order imbalance. It encompasses expressions describing pressure from different market participants, assets, or flow conditions rather than any single trading context.
D0059military personnel statusmilitary personnel status measures how strongly an expression centers on formal military service membership, classification, and administrative standing. It encompasses general references to defense-related involvement, named service roles and occupational coding, and personnel-record outcomes such as enlistment status, re-enlistment eligibility, and documented adverse standing.
D0060board independenceboard independence measures the extent to which a governing board is structured around independent or outside directors rather than insider or appointed membership. It encompasses formal board oversight arrangements as well as explicit emphasis on the proportion of independent directors and independence criteria.
D0061economic inequalityeconomic inequality measures the degree to which income or wealth is unevenly distributed across people or households. It encompasses expressions about disparity, concentration, and summary indicators of unequal economic distribution.
D0062market-relatednessmarket-relatedness measures how strongly an expression is centered on market-based quantities, indicators, or mechanisms. It encompasses references to market returns and valuation as well as broader market measures such as development, capitalization, breakdowns, and leverage.
D0063categorical classificationcategorical classification measures whether an expression assigns an entity, asset, or firm to a named type, class, sector, or industry grouping. It encompasses explicit labeling language that places something into a formal category, from broad entity or material classes to more specific industry designations.
D0064blockholder ownershipblockholder ownership measures the presence, extent, and salience of large ownership stakes held by identifiable major investors. It encompasses expressions about whether such owners are present, how much ownership they hold, how many such holders exist, and whether a specific major holder is influential or actively engaged.
D0065bond yield specificationbond yield specification measures how specifically an expression refers to bond yield concepts, including rates, spreads, maturities, and yield-curve relationships. It encompasses both general mentions of bond or Treasury yields and more fully specified yield formulations tied to maturity structure or instrument type.
D0066portfolio specificationportfolio specification measures how strongly an expression focuses on defining a portfolio's composition, weighting, allocation, and implementation rules. It encompasses references to portfolio holdings and return framing as well as more explicit statements about weights, allocation choices, rebalancing, and exposure constraints.
D0067transaction activitytransaction activity measures the presence and extent of exchange or deal-related content in an expression. It encompasses references to transactions themselves, the parties and rules surrounding them, and the frequency, count, or intensity of exchanges.
D0068geographic distancegeographic distance measures the physical spatial separation or proximity between locations, sites, offices, branches, homes, headquarters, or markets. It encompasses expressions that quantify nearness, remoteness, or distance in geographic units or by explicit location-to-location comparison.
D0069employment absenceemployment absence measures whether an expression indicates not being engaged in paid work, including unemployment, job loss, and active job seeking without current employment. It encompasses both current lack of employment and recent or measured periods outside employment.
D0070age statusage status measures whether an expression characterizes a person, group, or organization in terms of age or life-stage position. It encompasses references to being young, old, newer, older, or situated at a particular stage of a life cycle.
D0071short-selling activityshort-selling activity measures the presence, availability, regulation, and intensity of expressions about selling borrowed shares or supporting such trades. It encompasses references to short-selling participation, market conditions, lending availability, and formal limits or prohibitions on this activity.
D0072order processing timeorder processing time measures the elapsed duration associated with an order-related event sequence. It encompasses waiting, latency, and time intervals between order submission, arrival, execution, fill, cancellation, or processing events.
D0073financial capabilityfinancial capability measures perceived or demonstrated ability to understand, manage, and navigate financial matters. It encompasses both knowledge-based competence and confidence in handling money, financial products, and financial setbacks.
D0074shareholder activism intensityshareholder activism intensity measures how strongly an expression reflects activist investor efforts to pressure or influence a company through shareholder actions, public demands, or governance challenges. It encompasses both the presence of activist intervention and the degree to which that intervention is organized, public, and confrontational.
D0075zombie firm prevalencezombie firm prevalence measures the extent to which expressions indicate the presence, concentration, or classification of zombie firms. It encompasses both direct identification of a firm as a zombie and broader descriptions of how prevalent zombie firms are within sectors, industries, or asset pools.
D0076organizational departureorganizational departure measures whether an expression describes leaving an employer, firm, company, or organization. It encompasses individual exits, non-retirement departures, termination-related exits, and aggregate turnover or departure rates.
D0077adjustment dynamicsadjustment dynamics measures the extent to which an expression centers on processes of modifying a state, quantity, or position, including adjustment costs, scaled adjustments, and movement toward a target. It encompasses both general references to adjustment and more explicit emphasis on the speed, correction, and flexibility of that adjustment process.
D0078expository definition densityexpository definition density measures how strongly an expression is organized around explicit definitional, calculational, classificatory, or explanatory content. It encompasses statements that specify how something is determined, distinguished, calculated, defined, or shown.
D0079shareholder orientationshareholder orientation measures the extent to which an expression is organized around shareholders as the focal reference point. It encompasses references to shareholder holdings and returns as well as stronger emphasis on shareholder welfare, protection, payout, and related firm decisions.
D0080seafood export activityseafood export activity measures the presence and extent of expressions about seafood products being processed, shipped, counted, valued, or weighed for export. It encompasses references to fish or seafood export transactions, volumes, values, and related processing activity.
D0081covenant restrictivenesscovenant restrictiveness measures the extent to which expressions describe formal contractual constraints, especially loan or financing terms that impose specific requirements, limits, waivers, or carve-outs. It encompasses both the presence of covenant-based provisions and the stringency and breadth of those restrictions.
D0082sales volumesales volume measures the amount of sales or revenue an expression refers to, including both normalized sales ratios and total sales or revenue generated over a reporting period. It encompasses references to commercial output framed as per-worker or per-asset productivity as well as aggregate firm or store revenue.
D0083dividend payout activitydividend payout activity measures the presence and extent of expressions about dividends, including dividend yields, distributions, and recurring payout behavior. It encompasses both general reference to dividend-related quantities and more specific emphasis on sustained, smoothed, or sticky payout patterns.
D0084director standingdirector standing measures how favorably a director is characterized in terms of status, role security, oversight scope, experience, skill, and perceived contribution. It encompasses expressions about loss or retention of important assignments, formal protections or responsibilities, and stronger portrayals of competence, value, and seniority.
D0085economic downturn statuseconomic downturn status measures whether an expression identifies macroeconomic conditions in terms of business-cycle weakness, contraction, or recession. It encompasses references to output falling below trend as well as explicit classification of the economy as recessionary.
D0086credit rating referencecredit rating reference measures the extent to which an expression explicitly refers to credit ratings, rating assignments, rating grades, or rating-agency evaluations. It encompasses both general mention of ratings and more specific discussion of issuer-level, issue-level, or graded credit quality classifications.
D0087leadership succession statusleadership succession status measures how strongly an expression focuses on the appointment, replacement, transition, or prior role history of an incoming organizational leader. It encompasses references to leadership change, whether the successor comes from inside or outside the organization, and the successor's prior executive standing.
D0088family controlfamily control measures the extent to which expressions describe a founding or controlling family as holding ownership, voting rights, governance influence, or executive authority in a firm. It encompasses both structural control arrangements and direct family control through leadership and oversight.
D0089plant-level operationsplant-level operations measures how strongly an expression is framed around a plant as an operating unit, including its assets, production staff, investment, classification, efficiency, closure, and process-related attributes. It encompasses references to plant-specific operations and organizational characteristics rather than general or weakly specified framing.
D0090turnover rateturnover rate measures the extent and frequency of turnover activity described in an expression, especially repeated buying, selling, trading, or directional change. It encompasses references ranging from little or unclear turnover content to explicit, quantified, and high-rate turnover activity.
D0091speculative trading orientationspeculative trading orientation measures the extent to which expressions center on speculative market activity aimed at gain from risk-taking, information advantage, anticipated price movements, or perceived mispricing. It encompasses both general references to speculative assets and stronger emphasis on active, strategic speculation.
D0092public disclosure extentpublic disclosure extent measures how much an expression emphasizes a firm's release of information into public or filed reporting. It encompasses the presence, volume, detail, and transparency of disclosed organizational and financial information.
D0093cash flow generationcash flow generation measures the extent to which an expression centers on cash flow as a produced financial resource, including general references to cash flow and more specific emphasis on operating or free cash generated from ongoing activities.
D0094abnormal deviationabnormal deviation measures the extent to which an expression describes behavior, activity, or conditions as departing from a normal, average, expected, or historical baseline. It encompasses anomalies, unusual counts or volume, sudden discontinuities, and statistically notable departures from reference levels.
D0095labor intensitylabor intensity measures the extent to which an expression centers on labor as an economic input, income source, or cost component relative to assets, capital, output, or organizational activity. It encompasses references to labor income, labor supply, employment-based measures, and explicit descriptions of labor-heavy production or cost structure.
D0096organizational continuityorganizational continuity measures whether an organization is described as continuing to exist and operate versus having ceased, dissolved, closed, or failed. It encompasses expressions about ongoing activity, survival, legal existence, and operational shutdown.
D0097proposal voting supportproposal voting support measures the degree of expressed backing, opposition, and vote outcomes surrounding formal proposals. It encompasses whether proposals are voted on, how much support or opposition they receive, and whether they meet thresholds for approval or passage.
D0098idiosyncratic volatilityidiosyncratic volatility measures the extent to which an expression refers to firm-specific or residual variation in returns rather than broader market-wide movement. It encompasses mentions of idiosyncratic risk, firm-specific return variation, and residual return dispersion.
D0099public listing statuspublic listing status measures whether an expression describes a firm as having securities listed or traded on a public exchange. It encompasses references to listing, public trading, and exchange presence, including both affirmative and negated statements about that status.
D0100belief divergencebelief divergence measures the extent to which expressions concern variation, separation, distortion, or mismatch in beliefs across agents, sources, or standards. It encompasses dispersed beliefs, heterogeneous probability estimates, and gaps between subjective and objective beliefs.
D0101IPO pricing dynamicsIPO pricing dynamics measures the extent to which an expression is specifically about pricing, valuation, and price formation around an initial public offering. It encompasses general IPO equity valuation and exposure language as well as more specific emphasis on offer-price gaps, first-day closing prices, and underpricing.
D0102share repurchase activityshare repurchase activity measures whether and how strongly an expression concerns a firm's buying back its own equity shares. It encompasses the presence, occurrence, amount, or normalized extent of such repurchases.
D0103brand differentiationbrand differentiation measures the extent to which an expression centers on brands as distinct market entities, including their quality standing, product distinctiveness, market presence, and loyalty-generating identity. It encompasses references to brands being compared, evaluated, carried, or deliberately distinguished from competitors or from the broader firm.
D0104analytic financial inferenceanalytic financial inference measures the extent to which an expression frames financial conditions or performance through interpretive analysis, using indicators to suggest, indicate, reveal, or point to a conclusion. It encompasses both direct statements of financial deficiency or deterioration and more explicit analytic interpretation of what financial metrics imply.
D0105efficiency orientationefficiency orientation measures whether an expression centers on efficiency as the key evaluative idea, especially in terms of output generated relative to inputs, assets, costs, or resource use. It encompasses general references to efficient functioning as well as more explicit operational and utilization-based efficiency framing.
D0106capital account opennesscapital account openness measures the degree to which expressions describe cross-border capital transactions as open, liberalized, mobile, or subject to formal restrictions and controls. It encompasses both restrictive barrier-focused descriptions and explicit openness or closedness indexing of capital movement rules.
D0107loss aversionloss aversion measures the tendency for expressions to frame losses as psychologically weightier, more painful, or more behaviorally influential than equivalent gains. It encompasses both direct statements of stronger sensitivity to losses and behavioral indicators such as realizing gains more readily than losses.
D0108investment underperformanceinvestment underperformance measures the extent to which an expression indicates poor financial return or performance relative to prior value, peers, medians, rankings, or benchmarks. It encompasses declines in value, negative returns, and explicit descriptions of lagging or losing performance.
D0109overconfidenceoverconfidence measures the tendency for expressions to reflect inflated confidence in one's own judgment, information, or precision relative to reality or to others. It encompasses general indications of this bias as well as stronger forms centered on overweighting private signals and overestimating their accuracy.
D0110urban land-use conditionsurban land-use conditions measures how strongly an expression concerns the physical and regulatory features of metropolitan land use, development pattern, and housing supply. It encompasses references to developable versus undevelopable land, urban density or sparsity, and growth-management or land-use flexibility.
D0111movement correlationmovement correlation measures the extent to which two quantities, assets, returns, or economies move together, in tandem, or in the same versus opposite directions. It encompasses both formal correlation or covariance descriptions and broader expressions of synchronized co-movement.
D0112firm metric framingfirm metric framing measures the extent to which an expression is framed as a firm-level quantitative metric, especially one stated as a calculated rate, score, predictor, return, or investment measure. It encompasses references to firm-specific financial quantities, market-linked indicators, and explicitly computed firm attributes.
D0113political stabilitypolitical stability measures the extent to which expressions describe a political environment as orderly, continuous, and free from instability, violence, or unrest. It encompasses both general references to political risk and more explicit descriptions of stable government and policy continuity.
D0114welfare aggregationwelfare aggregation measures whether an expression frames outcomes in terms of combined welfare, summed utilities, or surplus across individuals, agents, or market participants. It encompasses utilitarian and social-evaluation language that defines value at the aggregate rather than purely individual level.
D0115similaritysimilarity measures the degree of resemblance, overlap, or alignment between compared entities, profiles, holdings, descriptions, or approaches. It encompasses both general references to likeness and more explicit statements that two entities share highly similar or nearly identical characteristics.
D0116market concentration: dominance structuremarket concentration: dominance structure measures the extent to which an expression indicates that ownership or market share is concentrated among a small number of dominant holders, firms, banks, or lenders within an industry or local market.
D0117information asymmetryinformation asymmetry measures the extent to which relevant information is unevenly distributed across parties, so that some participants are better informed than others. It encompasses expressions describing private or informed trading, bid-ask differences, and broader indicators that signal unequal access to information.
D0118loan syndication structureloan syndication structure measures the extent to which an expression concerns the organization and composition of a loan syndicate. It encompasses general reference to syndicated lending as well as more specific emphasis on syndicate membership, lead arrangers, lender shares, and risk distribution within the syndicate.
D0119banking reference densitybanking reference density measures how strongly an expression is centered on banks and banking entities, attributes, or presence. It encompasses sparse or incidental banking mention, direct valuation-focused mention of a bank, and dense banking-focused description of banking presence, institutions, branches, assets, or sector influence.
D0120financial conflict of interestfinancial conflict of interest measures the presence of financial relationships or affiliations that can compromise independence, objectivity, or impartial judgment. It encompasses material ties, ownership positions, promotional involvement, underwriting relationships, and investment-banking affiliations that create potential bias.
D0121estimation errorestimation error measures the extent to which an expression focuses on discrepancy between predicted, estimated, forecasted, or priced values and corresponding actual, benchmark, true, or reference values. It encompasses deviations, absolute or relative errors, and formal accuracy metrics used to quantify mismatch.
D0122probability judgmentprobability judgment measures the extent to which an expression centers on assigning, estimating, or stating the likelihood of an event or outcome. It encompasses explicit judgments about chances, forecasts, and expected future occurrences across different domains.
D0123causal attributioncausal attribution measures the extent to which an expression explains an outcome, event, or state by assigning it to a cause, driver, policy, chance factor, or decision. It encompasses both tentative mention of causes and explicit explanation of why something happened or would have happened.
D0124capital flow activitycapital flow activity measures the presence and extent of expressions about money or asset movement into, out of, or between holdings, funds, or institutions. It encompasses net flows, inflows, outflows, and related descriptions of changes in positions or assets driven by transfers or investment movement.
D0125earnings focusearnings focus measures the extent to which an expression centers on earnings as the primary quantity, outcome, or explanatory target. It encompasses references to earnings levels, variability, persistence, expected earnings, and related earnings-based quantities.
D0126financial advisoryfinancial advisory measures the extent to which an expression centers on financial advisors, advisory relationships, and advisory roles in financial transactions or decisions. It encompasses both general mention of advising activity and more specific descriptions of advisor compensation, dual roles, ownership stakes, bidding roles, or conflicts of interest.
D0127managerial entrenchmentmanagerial entrenchment measures the extent to which expressions refer to entrenched managerial control, typically through governance provisions or index-based descriptions of protections that insulate managers from challenge or removal. It encompasses both general references to entrenchment and more explicit descriptions of its strength or formal measurement.
D0128investment decision engagementinvestment decision engagement measures the extent to which an expression centers on making, selecting, confirming, or carrying out investment-related choices. It encompasses explicit choice activity, participation decisions, and allocation or divestment actions within financial options.
D0129stock option compensationstock option compensation measures the presence and extent of expressions about compensation delivered through stock options and related equity grants. It encompasses option grants, allocation of equity value to options, and the terms governing vesting, exercisability, and exercise.
D0130government financial supportgovernment financial support measures the presence and extent of public-sector financial assistance used to stabilize distressed banks, firms, assets, or credit markets. It encompasses direct funding, liquidity provision, guarantees, backstops, asset purchases, and related rescue programs.
D0131underwriter reputationunderwriter reputation measures the perceived standing, quality, and prestige attributed to an underwriter. It encompasses whether an expression refers to underwriter reputation at all and, when it does, whether that reputation is described as weak, notable, or strongly high-status.
D0132financial access barriersfinancial access barriers measures the extent to which expressions describe money-related entry, financing, credit, or capital requirements as obstacles to starting, operating, or expanding activity. It encompasses both general effort and requirements involved in obtaining funds and more explicit restrictions on access to financing or credit.
D0133interest rate specificationinterest rate specification measures how explicitly an expression identifies a rate of interest or borrowing cost, including whether it names the rate itself and whether it further specifies its form, basis, or contractual context. It encompasses generic references to interest rates as well as more detailed statements about effective, nominal, annual, implicit, or loan-related rates.
D0134loan collateralizationloan collateralization measures whether and how strongly a debt obligation is secured by pledged assets or legally enforceable claims. It encompasses the presence of collateral, the use of liens or specific assets as backing, and descriptions of secured versus unsecured borrowing.
D0135financial developmentfinancial development measures the extent to which expressions describe a financial system, its markets, institutions, and credit channels as established, sizable, and capable of supporting savings, investment, and financing. It encompasses references to financial structure, market depth, institutional development, and related system-level conditions.
D0136opioid burdenopioid burden measures the extent to which an expression reflects opioid presence, use, prescribing, and harmful consequences within a population. It encompasses both exposure indicators such as prescribing and distribution and impact indicators such as abuse, fatalities, and mortality.
D0137agent-centered modelingagent-centered modeling measures the extent to which an expression is framed around an agent as the focal unit whose attributes, beliefs, incentives, or outcomes are being specified. It encompasses references to agents in general interactional or contractual settings as well as more explicit descriptions of an agent's internal states, effort, value, and survival-related dynamics.
D0138managerial assertivenessmanagerial assertiveness measures the extent to which expressions portray management as actively directing, justifying, and prioritizing purposeful organizational action. It encompasses explicit managerial agency, strategic decision emphasis, and confident framing of operational or financial choices as deliberate and beneficial.
D0139religious involvementreligious involvement measures the extent of participation, engagement, and embeddedness in religious organizations, services, and community religious life. It encompasses both personal participation in religious activities and the surrounding presence or density of religious institutions and adherence.
D0140social connectednesssocial connectedness measures the extent to which an expression indicates interpersonal network ties, linkages, and embeddedness within a broader web of relationships. It encompasses direct connections, network size, and more structurally embedded forms of overlap, redundancy, and connectivity.
D0141organizational growthorganizational growth measures the extent to which an expression describes expansion in an organization's assets, revenue, portfolio, or future growth opportunities. It encompasses both observed increases over time and explicit characterization of strong growth prospects or growth-oriented strategy.
D0142futures market orientationfutures market orientation measures the extent to which an expression is centered on futures-market concepts, pricing, trading, and return mechanics. It encompasses general references to futures contracts as well as more specialized commodity-futures pricing, positioning, and basis-related content.
D0143inventory holdingsinventory holdings measures the extent to which an expression concerns the amount, allocation, maintenance, or management of inventory as a held asset or stock position. It encompasses references to inventory levels, inventory intensity relative to assets, and processes of accumulating, drawing down, or optimizing inventory.
D0144advertising presenceadvertising presence measures the extent to which an expression concerns advertising activity, expenditure, placement, or visibility. It encompasses both general references to advertising investment and more specific references to active broadcast advertising exposure.
D0145local economic embeddednesslocal economic embeddedness measures the extent to which an expression centers economic activity, performance, preference, or dependence within a specific local or metropolitan area. It encompasses locally concentrated business presence, locally tied credit or ownership patterns, and reliance on demand or relationships within the same area.
D0146end-of-life treatment intensityend-of-life treatment intensity measures how strongly an expression emphasizes intensive, resource-heavy, and life-sustaining medical care near death. It encompasses hospital-based intervention, intensive care use, and concentrated physician involvement during the final period of life.
D0147seller transaction conditionsseller transaction conditions measures how strongly an expression centers on the seller-side circumstances, constraints, and strategic features of an asset sale or transfer. It encompasses general sale participation, transaction structure, and seller-specific pressures, valuations, and financial position.
D0148experimental provisionexperimental provision measures the extent to which an expression describes participants being given, assigned, or presented with study-related resources, information, incentives, or conditions. It encompasses receiving materials, rewards, updates, and structured experimental arrangements.
D0149headquarters referenceheadquarters reference measures the extent to which an expression is specifically about a firm's headquarters, including its location, surrounding region, and organizational concentration around that site.
D0150financial leveragefinancial leverage measures the extent to which an expression concerns debt-based financing or leverage ratios, including how leverage is defined, calculated, increased, or characterized. It encompasses references to debt relative to assets, equity, value, or related financial positions.
D0151margin financingmargin financing measures the extent to which an expression concerns margin lending, collateral posting, and leverage arrangements or requirements. It encompasses both general references to margin in trading or financing conditions and more specific references to formal margin requirements, posted collateral, and binding leverage arrangements.
D0152debt maturitydebt maturity measures the time horizon or term structure of debt obligations, including average time to repayment, maturity dates, and the share of debt coming due in the near term or held as longer-term liabilities. It encompasses expressions describing how debt is timed, weighted, and distributed across short-term and long-term obligations.
D0153mobile network advancementmobile network advancement measures the extent to which expressions indicate the presence, coverage, deployment, and uptake of newer or successive mobile network generations. It encompasses both infrastructure availability and subscriber or connection use of these more advanced mobile technologies.
D0154firm sizefirm size measures the scale of a firm as expressed through assets, employees, sales, or market capitalization. It encompasses both explicit size classifications and quantitative indicators used to describe how large or small a firm is.
D0155preferred stock provisionspreferred stock provisions measures the presence and specificity of expressions describing rights, preferences, protections, and priority terms attached to preferred stock. It encompasses references to participation, redemption, voting, class-based protections, and liquidation priority among holders or series.
D0156spending extentspending extent measures the amount or level of monetary outlays, expenditures, purchases, and withdrawals referenced in an expression. It encompasses general spending volume as well as spending directed toward particular goods, categories, or routine necessities.
D0157tranche structuringtranche structuring measures the extent to which an expression describes layered securitized claims and their ordering within a capital structure. It encompasses references to senior and subordinated layers, retention across slices, and the allocation of priority, cash flows, and credit protection among tranches.
D0158swap exposureswap exposure measures the extent to which an expression concerns swap-based financial positions, pricing, spreads, and related derivatives activity. It encompasses references to participation in swap markets, interest rate swap terms, and more developed discussion of swap valuation, volatility, and position magnitude.
D0159work-home interferencework-home interference measures the extent to which work and home responsibilities disrupt, limit, or compete with one another. It encompasses interference flowing in either direction between professional duties and household or family demands.
D0160consumer credit exposureconsumer credit exposure measures the extent of revolving and personal credit reflected in an expression, including credit history, available limits, borrowing capacity, and outstanding balances. It encompasses both general credit standing references and more specific references to the amount of credit accessible or owed.
D0161default likelihooddefault likelihood measures the assessed chance, rate, or intensity of an entity failing to meet its obligations. It encompasses expressions about default probability, default risk, hazard or intensity of default, and related market-implied or model-derived assessments.
D0162carbon emissions intensitycarbon emissions intensity measures the extent to which an expression centers on greenhouse gas emissions, carbon footprint, and related environmental emission burden or management. It encompasses both general environmental compliance or green-orientation expressions and more specific quantification of direct, indirect, and industry-level carbon emissions.
D0163information opacityinformation opacity measures the degree to which an expression describes limited disclosure, weak observability, or poor transparency of relevant information. It encompasses hiddenness or difficulty in assessing entities, policies, markets, or reporting environments because information is unavailable, unclear, or hard to evaluate.
D0164digital payment usedigital payment use measures the extent to which expressions describe payments and transactions being conducted through electronic, cashless, mobile, card-based, bank-based, or other digital channels. It encompasses transaction frequency, spending share, market penetration, and broad adoption of digital payment methods.
D0165earnings surpriseearnings surprise measures the extent to which an expression concerns unexpected earnings information, especially the gap between reported earnings and prior expectations or forecasts. It encompasses both general references to unanticipated earnings-related news and explicit calculation or scaling of that deviation.
D0166takeover defensetakeover defense measures the presence and extent of provisions, mechanisms, and legal arrangements intended to deter or resist hostile takeovers. It encompasses both general references to takeover vulnerability or protection and more explicit counts or descriptions of defensive provisions.
D0167decision autonomydecision autonomy measures how much independent authority an actor has to make and carry out decisions without needing intermediate oversight or external approval. It encompasses discretion, unilateral control, decentralized authority, and direct control over budgets, projects, or strategic actions.
D0168trade tariff intensitytrade tariff intensity measures the extent to which an expression concerns tariffs, customs duties, and trade protection applied to imported goods. It encompasses references ranging from little or no tariff-specific content to explicit quantification of tariff barriers and duty burdens.
D0169performance-contingent compensationperformance-contingent compensation measures the extent to which compensation or payments are made variable, conditional, or explicitly tied to achieving results, output, milestones, or predefined performance thresholds. It encompasses bonuses, incentive payments, at-risk remuneration, and delayed or discretionary payments that depend on performance-related conditions.
D0170political ideologypolitical ideology measures the presence and strength of political or economic position-taking in an expression. It encompasses references to ideological orientation, left-right placement, and explicit endorsement of strongly system-changing political or economic views.
D0171hotel industryhotel industry measures how strongly an expression is centered on hotel properties, operations, markets, and performance. It encompasses references to hotel properties, rooms, occupancy, revenue, pricing, inventory, and related industry arrangements.
D0172asset emphasisasset emphasis measures how strongly an expression centers on assets as the focal object of description, valuation, or quantification. It encompasses references to assets in basic definitional or transactional terms as well as more developed descriptions of asset magnitude, accumulation, and properties.
D0173creditor protectioncreditor protection measures the extent to which expressions concern the protection, enforcement, and recovery position of creditors in debt distress or default settings. It encompasses both general references to creditor collection and legal recourse and stronger emphasis on formal rights, recovery priority, and legal safeguards for creditors.
D0174bid-ask spread focusbid-ask spread focus measures the extent to which an expression centers on bid-ask spread concepts, including quoted, effective, realized, and relative spread formulations and their calculation from bid, ask, and midpoint values.
D0175return variabilityreturn variability measures the extent to which returns or price changes fluctuate, spread out, or deviate over time or across entities. It encompasses expressions describing dispersion, variance, and standard deviation of returns, price changes, residuals, or related market-derived values.
D0176cost burdencost burden measures the extent to which an expression emphasizes costs, expenses, fees, or other incurred financial burdens. It encompasses both general references to costly conditions and more explicit accounting of total, direct, or transaction-related costs.
D0177equilibrium pricingequilibrium pricing measures whether an expression describes price as being set or adjusted through the balancing of supply and demand. It encompasses references to market-clearing, intersection of supply and demand, and price determination under balancing conditions.
D0178organizational diversificationorganizational diversification measures the extent to which an expression describes activities, relationships, assets, or structures as spread across multiple distinct units, regions, lenders, business lines, or segments rather than concentrated in one place or channel. It encompasses geographic spread, use of multiple counterparties, and separation across distinct operational or legal components.
D0179political alignmentpolitical alignment measures the extent to which an expression identifies partisan or ideological positioning in electoral, donor, party, or governing contexts. It encompasses references to party-linked support, voting patterns, and broader ideological leaning.
D0180female leadership presencefemale leadership presence measures whether expressions indicate the presence, representation, or explicit identification of women in leadership, management, executive, board, or promotion-related roles. It encompasses both direct mention of female role holders and broader statements about gender composition in organizational positions.
D0181stock market focusstock market focus measures how strongly an expression centers on stocks, their pricing, returns, performance, and market classification. It encompasses references ranging from mixed or only partly stock-related financial content to direct discussion of stock behavior and investment potential.
D0182art marketart market measures how strongly an expression is centered on artworks as tradable objects within auction, resale, authenticity, and pricing contexts. It encompasses references to art transactions, valuation, documentation, and market-specific attributes of artworks and creators.
D0183persistencepersistence measures the extent to which an attribute, pattern, effect, or effort continues over time rather than fading quickly. It encompasses temporal carryover, stability, and maintenance across domains.
D0184tax rate specificationtax rate specification measures how strongly an expression focuses on defining, calculating, or characterizing tax rates and tax burdens. It encompasses references to statutory, effective, marginal, and context-specific taxation terms used to specify how tax liability is determined.
D0185tradingtrading measures how strongly an expression is framed around traders, trading activity, and trader attributes or outcomes. It encompasses references to market participation, trader behavior, performance, and trader-specific cognitive characteristics.
D0186offer price adjustmentoffer price adjustment measures the presence and extent of proposed, initial, revised, or final offer pricing within a transaction process. It encompasses references to offer values, price-range midpoints, and negotiated increases or reductions in the offered amount.
D0187media attentionmedia attention measures the extent to which an expression centers on news, press, or other media coverage of a topic, event, firm, or country. It encompasses references to the presence, amount, frequency, or intensity of such coverage and exposure.
D0188average-based quantificationaverage-based quantification measures the extent to which an expression defines, reports, or derives a quantity through an average, mean, or closely related aggregation. It encompasses simple averages as well as averaged values formed by dividing totals, weighting components, or summarizing multiple inputs into a single score or rate.
D0189market illiquiditymarket illiquidity measures the extent to which an expression refers to assets or markets as less liquid, more price-sensitive to trading, and more costly to trade. It encompasses general mentions of illiquidity as well as formulaic descriptions of price impact and trading-volume-based illiquidity measures.
D0190benchmark referencingbenchmark referencing measures the extent to which an expression frames evaluation, performance, or policy in relation to an explicit benchmark, baseline, or comparable standard. It encompasses using a reference point for comparison, adjustment, designation, or assessment.
D0191financial constraintfinancial constraint measures the extent to which an expression indicates limited internal funds, restricted financing capacity, or classification as financially constrained. It encompasses both general references to financing limitations and explicit designation of a firm as financially constrained.
D0192private signal qualityprivate signal quality measures the extent to which an expression concerns the informativeness, precision, accuracy, and noise-resistance of privately held signals. It encompasses both general reference to private information signals and more specific emphasis on how clearly those signals reveal underlying states or values.
D0193partnership profit participationpartnership profit participation measures the extent to which an expression concerns partnership roles, interests, and compensation tied to fund, firm, or profit-sharing arrangements. It encompasses general references to partnership status as well as more specific references to income rights, carried interest, fees, and shares of returns.
D0194effort exertioneffort exertion measures the extent to which an expression describes costly, effortful action directed toward improving performance, success, or results. It encompasses references to exertion, work input, sacrifice, and limits or adjustments in how much effort is applied.
D0195performance evaluationperformance evaluation measures the extent to which an expression is organized around assessing, defining, or quantifying performance. It encompasses references to performance itself as well as formulas, adjustments, metrics, and contracts explicitly tied to performance.
D0196derivatives activityderivatives activity measures the extent to which an expression is centered on derivative instruments, including their valuation, trading, use, positions, reporting, and risk exposure. It encompasses both general mention of derivatives and more explicit organizational derivative activity and holdings.
D0197parameterized abstractionparameterized abstraction measures the extent to which an expression is framed in terms of formal named parameters that govern, represent, or quantify abstract relationships, latent quantities, or model processes. It encompasses references to estimated parameters, unobservable preferences, correlations, shocks, frictions, rates, and other explicitly parameter-based descriptions.
D0198tail risk focustail risk focus measures the extent to which an expression centers on extreme-outcome risk, especially downside losses, tail dependence, and expected loss beyond ordinary fluctuations. It encompasses attention to rare severe events, asymmetry in extreme outcomes, and the consequences of those extremes for returns, markets, or financial fragility.
D0199option valuationoption valuation measures the extent to which an expression is specifically about pricing, payoff, exercise, and risk properties of financial options. It encompasses references to option trades at moderate levels and more explicit option-pricing and valuation terminology at stronger levels.
D0200market concentration: share concentration indexmarket concentration: share concentration index measures the extent to which an expression represents concentration through share-based indices or ratios, especially Herfindahl-style calculations based on squared proportions, market shares, holdings, lending volumes, or sales across entities.
D0201hedging extenthedging extent measures how strongly an expression indicates the presence, amount, or implementation of hedging activity used to reduce financial exposure or cash-flow risk. It encompasses references ranging from little identifiable hedging content to explicit measurement of hedging positions, programs, needs, and derivative-based coverage.
D0202weather hazard exposureweather hazard exposure measures the extent to which expressions describe environmental and climatic threats, including flooding, abnormal heat, heavy precipitation, storms, and other severe weather conditions. It encompasses both physical indicators of hazard presence and metrics of extreme weather occurrence or severity.
D0203profitabilityprofitability measures the extent to which an expression is concerned with profit-based performance, including profit levels, returns, and ratio-based indicators of earnings relative to sales, assets, or other bases. It encompasses both general references to profit performance and more explicit operational definitions of profitability metrics.
D0204retail orientationretail orientation measures the extent to which an expression is centered on retail-facing actors, channels, outlets, or classifications rather than more general or unspecified activity. It encompasses references to retail participation, retail exposure, retail trading, retail stores, and retail-focused organizational features.
D0205penalty severitypenalty severity measures the presence and intensity of punitive financial or regulatory consequences described in an expression. It encompasses references to fines, sanctions, enforcement actions, and the seriousness or deterrent strength of those penalties.
D0206level stabilitylevel stability measures whether an expression describes a quantity, activity, or condition as holding steady rather than undergoing disruption or marked directional change. It encompasses stable, flat, stagnant, or unchanged states across financial, production, and other measured levels.
D0207skill levelskill level measures the degree to which an expression attributes ability, competence, or cognitively demanding performance. It encompasses general references to skill as well as more specific descriptions of analytical, nonroutine, or demonstrably effective performance.
D0208new entry activitynew entry activity measures the extent to which an expression refers to the creation, initiation, or opening of new entities, accounts, facilities, or operations. It encompasses both general references to newly originated or secured additions and more explicit descriptions of establishment, firm, or account entry.
D0209binary condition codingbinary condition coding measures whether an expression defines a yes-or-no indicator by assigning one state when a specified condition is met and another state otherwise. It encompasses threshold-based flags, dummy variables, and other explicit condition-triggered binary classifications.
D0210trading activity: market turnovertrading activity: market turnover measures the extent to which an expression emphasizes the amount, frequency, or execution flow of trading, including order execution, trading volume, turnover, and daily trading intensity.
D0211trusttrust measures the presence and strength of expressions about confidence in the trustworthiness of people, groups, organizations, or institutions. It encompasses both generalized belief that others can be trusted and more targeted trust directed toward specific social or institutional actors.
D0212income levelincome level measures whether an expression refers to income as a salient attribute, including earnings, household income, income categories, and income distribution standing. It encompasses both direct mentions of income and ways of locating a person or group within income-based classifications.
D0213temporal reference specificitytemporal reference specificity measures how explicitly an expression locates an observation in time relative to a period, event, implementation, or dated interval. It encompasses simple mention of observation timing as well as increasingly concrete placement within named windows, before or after milestones, and outside or during specific periods.
D0214climate risk salienceclimate risk salience measures the extent to which expressions foreground climate-related risks as a recognized, assessed, or managed concern in organizational decision-making. It encompasses mention of climate risk exposure, mitigation or management activity, and judgments about the importance or materiality of climate risks.
D0215litigationlitigation measures the extent to which an expression indicates legal disputes, lawsuits, court proceedings, or exposure to litigation. It encompasses both general references to litigation exposure and concrete filed claims, disputes, and court actions.
D0216jurisdictional characterizationjurisdictional characterization measures the extent to which an expression describes, classifies, or profiles a jurisdiction through institutional, economic, legal, or policy attributes. It encompasses neutral-to-detailed statements that frame a jurisdiction as an analyzed unit with identifiable features or status.
D0217agricultural production intensityagricultural production intensity measures the extent to which an expression centers on agriculture as a dominant economic and land-use activity. It encompasses agricultural production, crop output, farm-based economic organization, land use, and related concentration of income, employment, credit, or ownership in agriculture.
D0218domestic market orientationdomestic market orientation measures the extent to which an expression centers on domestic financial markets, domestic investment, and home-market reference points rather than broader or unspecified market contexts. It encompasses domestic infrastructure, domestic market participation, and explicit preference or concentration toward domestic assets and activity.
D0219demand magnitudedemand magnitude measures the extent or amount of demand expressed, including its level, volume, deviation, net amount, or calculated residual form. It encompasses both general statements of substantial demand and more specifically derived or component forms of demand.
D0220financial distressfinancial distress measures the presence, severity, and assessed likelihood of a firm's financial strain or failure risk. It encompasses direct descriptions of distressed conditions as well as expressions that classify, estimate, or indicate proximity to such conditions.
D0221bond-relatednessbond-relatedness measures how strongly an expression is centered on bonds, bond issuance, bond classification, bond returns, or bond market attributes. It encompasses both general references to bonds and more specific discussion of bond characteristics, activity, and financing.
D0222perceived benefitperceived benefit measures the extent to which an expression emphasizes gains, advantages, savings, convenience, improved access, or reduced costs and delays. It encompasses both general statements of usefulness and more explicit descriptions of valuable outcomes received or anticipated.
D0223issuer focusissuer focus measures how strongly an expression centers on the issuer as the main referent for describing exposure, ownership, issuance, classification, or other issuer-linked attributes. It encompasses both straightforward references to issuer-related quantities and broader descriptions of issuer characteristics, status, and context.
D0224bankruptcy burdenbankruptcy burden measures the extent of costs, expenses, procedural demands, and creditor-protection features associated with bankruptcy. It encompasses expressions about the financial and administrative weight of bankruptcy, including liquidation, reorganization, legal fees, and time spent in formal proceedings.
D0225optimization framingoptimization framing measures the extent to which an expression is organized around formal optimization, including objective functions, utility or value functions, minimizing or maximizing criteria, and solved optimal allocations or ratios. It encompasses language that presents outcomes as the best, minimum, maximum, or otherwise mathematically optimized solution.
D0226deposit holdingsdeposit holdings measures the extent to which an expression is centered on deposits, deposit holdings, and depositor-related financial arrangements. It encompasses both general references to deposit composition or concentration and more specific references to depositor balances, savings products, and insurance-related deposit status.
D0227technology intensitytechnology intensity measures how strongly an expression centers on the presence, adoption, use, or operational relevance of technology in production, platforms, and work processes. It encompasses general references to technology uptake as well as more specific emphasis on automation, computing infrastructure, and robot-replaceable routine work.
D0228reward valuation signalingreward valuation signaling measures the extent to which an expression centers on neural signaling of value, reward, and prediction-related responses during choice or outcome processing. It encompasses references to value computation, reward history, and reward-responsive activation.
D0229deal completiondeal completion measures the extent to which an expression indicates that a negotiation or transaction advances to a successful, finalized outcome. It encompasses movement from little or unclear evidence of progress through active negotiation and attempted completion to secured closing, finalization, and effective completion.
D0230private equityprivate equity measures the extent to which an expression refers to private-equity ownership, financing, buyouts, or portfolio status. It encompasses general mention of private equity as well as more specific references to buyouts, portfolio companies, sponsor control, and private-equity-backed classification.
D0231racial minority salienceracial minority salience measures how strongly an expression foregrounds racial or ethnic minority identity, composition, or matching. It encompasses references to minority status, African American identity, demographic concentration, and racial or ethnic background comparisons between people.
D0232revenue intensityrevenue intensity measures the extent to which an expression is centered on revenue as a quantified business outcome. It encompasses references to revenue levels, revenue-based ratios, and revenue normalized by organizational units such as workers or firms.
D0233entrepreneurshipentrepreneurship measures whether an expression is about entrepreneurship, self-employment, business founding, or closely related entrepreneurial activity. It encompasses both general references to entrepreneurial status and more specific references to entrepreneurial risk, business structure, and entry into entrepreneurship.
D0234wage levelwage level measures the presence and specificity of expressions about pay rates or compensation amounts. It encompasses general references to wages and hourly compensation as well as more specific references to legally defined minimum wage floors.
D0235entity status complexityentity status complexity measures how much an expression describes a person or organization in terms of formal classification, legal standing, structural participation, or documented status conditions. It encompasses simple identification of an individual or entity as well as more elaborated descriptions involving legal, procedural, market, or risk-related status markers.
D0236time discountingtime discounting measures the extent to which expressions frame choices and preferences in terms of weighting present outcomes against future utility or consumption. It encompasses references to discount factors, intertemporal trade-offs, and present-biased or impatient valuation of future outcomes.
D0237disparity focusdisparity focus measures the extent to which an expression centers on a gap or difference between two states, groups, values, or benchmarks. It encompasses explicit attention to measurable mismatches, spreads, or informational and performance differences.
D0238state reference saliencestate reference salience measures how strongly an expression is organized around states as the key frame of reference, whether as geographic jurisdictions, ownership by the state, or abstract states of the world in valuation and probability. It encompasses the extent to which state-based distinctions structure the expression's main meaning.
D0239value investing orientationvalue investing orientation measures the extent to which an expression centers on value-versus-growth stock selection and related return spreads or portfolio strategies. It encompasses general stock return language when tied to portfolio construction, and more specifically the identification of value stocks and value-over-growth positioning.
D0240merger activitymerger activity measures the extent to which an expression is centered on mergers or acquisitions, including their occurrence, frequency, valuation, structure, and expected integration outcomes. It encompasses both simple mention of a completed deal and more elaborated discussion of merger activity and anticipated merger effects.
D0241belief disagreementbelief disagreement measures the extent to which expressions describe differing views, beliefs, expectations, or judgments between people or groups about the same issue. It encompasses both general mention of disagreement and more explicit emphasis on the magnitude or spread of those divergent views.
D0242repo marketrepo market measures the extent to which an expression centers on repurchase-agreement activity, including repo rates, collateral, liquidity, funding, and transaction volume. It encompasses both general references to repo financing and more specific references to collateralized securities-market operations.
D0243currency exchange orientationcurrency exchange orientation measures how strongly an expression is centered on currencies and exchange rates, including exchange-rate levels, movements, valuation changes, and inflation-adjusted currency comparisons. It encompasses both general references to currency linkage and more explicit discussion of nominal or real exchange-rate calculation and depreciation.
D0244student debt burdenstudent debt burden measures the extent to which an expression concerns educational borrowing and outstanding student loan obligations. It encompasses references ranging from general educational attainment context to explicit student loan exposure, liability, and unpaid balances.
D0245social responsibility orientationsocial responsibility orientation measures the extent to which an expression centers on socially and ethically responsible organizational conduct, including environmental, consumer, and broader societal considerations. It encompasses references to responsible practices, evaluations, initiatives, and investment preferences tied to such conduct.
D0246accrual discretionaccrual discretion measures the extent to which expressions concern accrual-based accounting adjustments, especially the discretionary, residual, or less cash-flow-grounded portion of reported results. It encompasses simple mention of accrual-related measures as well as stronger emphasis on accrual quality risk, accounting discretion, earnings smoothing, and accounting opacity.
D0247industry focusindustry focus measures the extent to which an expression is framed around an industry as the primary unit of description, aggregation, or explanation. It encompasses references to production and economic activity when they are not clearly industry-centered, as well as strongly industry-specific and industry-wide descriptions of firms, returns, output, and market share.
D0248household hardshiphousehold hardship measures the presence and severity of material strain within a household. It encompasses household-level conditions ranging from general household composition or circumstances to unmet basic needs and food-related deprivation caused by limited resources.
D0249inflation referenceinflation reference measures whether an expression is specifically about inflation, including its rate, cumulative change, price-index basis, component structure, and expectations about future price increases.
D0250application evaluationapplication evaluation measures whether an expression concerns the submission, review, qualification, scoring, or decision process surrounding an applicant or candidate. It encompasses both general references to applications and more explicit judgments, thresholds, and acceptance or rejection outcomes.
D0251event countevent count measures the extent to which an expression reports a numerical tally of occurrences, entities, or transactions. It encompasses simple totals as well as more explicitly delimited counts of distinct, unique, or categorized cases.
D0252wealth focuswealth focus measures the extent to which expressions center on wealth as a financial quantity, asset base, or outcome. It encompasses references to invested or liquid wealth, wealth composition and accumulation, and wealth sensitivity or fluctuation in financial settings.
D0253unionizationunionization measures the presence and extent of labor union representation, membership, and collective bargaining within a work setting or industry. It encompasses whether employees are union members, are represented by a union, or are covered by collective bargaining arrangements.
D0254institutional ownershipinstitutional ownership measures the extent to which a firm's equity or shares are held by institutional investors or institutions. It encompasses both general references to institutional holdings and more explicit aggregate statements about the share of ownership held by institutions.
D0255risk premium emphasisrisk premium emphasis measures the extent to which an expression centers on premium-based compensation, pricing, or valuation tied to risk, control, scarcity, or expected return differences. It encompasses references to premiums in general pricing language as well as more explicit and specialized forms of risk-compensation language.
D0256prior experienceprior experience measures how much an expression indicates an established history, track record, or prior involvement in a relevant activity, relationship, or domain. It encompasses references to background, historical records, past relationships, and accumulated experience.
D0257asset tangibilityasset tangibility measures the extent to which expressions describe assets as physical, fixed, plant, equipment, or other tangible holdings rather than intangible or current holdings. It encompasses references to the share, ratio, or intensity of tangible fixed assets within total assets.
D0258LIBOR-linked borrowing termsLIBOR-linked borrowing terms measures the presence of expressions about borrowing, lending, and financial pricing framed specifically in relation to LIBOR. It encompasses references to interest spreads, loan pricing, benchmark rate quotations, and related funding or market exposure tied to that benchmark.
D0259logarithmic transformationlogarithmic transformation measures the extent to which an expression defines a quantity by taking its logarithm or log-transformed form. It encompasses references to log differences, log ratios, and natural-log conversions applied to financial quantities and derived measures.
D0260passive investment orientationpassive investment orientation measures the extent to which an expression describes an investing approach centered on tracking, holding, and broad market exposure rather than discretionary selection or timing. It encompasses explicit passive classification, index-based investing, low active share, and long holding horizons as signs of a passive approach.
D0261order imbalanceorder imbalance measures the extent to which expressions describe imbalance in trading orders or order flow, including unexplained imbalance, derived imbalance series, and explicit buy-versus-sell imbalance calculations. It encompasses both general references to imbalance and more specific operationalizations based on order flow, volume, and retail trading activity.
D0262asset redeployabilityasset redeployability measures the extent to which assets are described as transferable, general-purpose, and usable in alternative applications. It encompasses expressions about ease of repurposing, movement across uses, and applicability across firms or industries.
D0263monitoring intensitymonitoring intensity measures the extent and rigor of ongoing oversight, review, verification, and scrutiny applied to behavior, performance, compliance, or operations. It encompasses active checking, repeated review, and formal supervisory or external examination.
D0264factor modeling focusfactor modeling focus measures the extent to which an expression centers on factors as explanatory or extracted components in return variation and pricing performance. It encompasses references to factor-based return comparisons, cross-sectional explanation, and explicitly derived component factors from covariance or residual structures.
D0265market valuation ratiomarket valuation ratio measures whether an expression refers to the ratio-based valuation of a firm's market value relative to asset or replacement cost benchmarks. It encompasses explicit mention, definition, calculation, or interpretation of this valuation ratio.
D0266future expectationsfuture expectations measures the extent to which an expression is organized around anticipated future outcomes, beliefs, or forecasts. It encompasses references to what is expected, believed, or projected to happen, especially in relation to returns, economic conditions, and other forward-looking judgments.
D0267ownership statusownership status measures whether an expression indicates having an ownership position, stake, or owner classification. It encompasses references to ownership ties, ownership structure, and explicit identification as a full or partial owner.
D0268magnitude emphasismagnitude emphasis measures the extent to which an expression foregrounds higher levels, larger shares, greater ratios, or stronger quantitative implications. It encompasses language that highlights elevated amount, extent, intensity, or inferred significance across varied substantive topics.
D0269financial quantificationfinancial quantification measures the extent to which an expression reports finance-related quantities, rates, ratios, returns, or magnitudes in explicit numeric terms. It encompasses quantified statements about financial performance, risk, debt, spending, and related monetary or percentage-based indicators.
D0270investment returninvestment return measures whether an expression is centered on gains, yield, or value returned from an investment or asset position. It encompasses explicit return metrics, return-based ratios, and related formulations of value derived from or returned relative to an initial asset or commitment.
D0271coupon payment termscoupon payment terms measures whether an expression is about the specification, level, or structure of coupon-based debt payments. It encompasses references to coupon rates, periodic coupon payments, and the determination or adjustment of those payments within debt arrangements.
D0272fee burdenfee burden measures the presence and magnitude of charges, costs, or fee-based payments described in an expression. It encompasses references to paying, being charged, or quantifying fees across different financial contexts.
D0273analyst coverageanalyst coverage measures the presence, extent, and salience of attention from analysts and related research coverage directed toward an entity. It encompasses whether any coverage exists, how many analysts are following, and whether the coverage includes stronger evaluative or specialist attention.
D0274rate curvaturerate curvature measures whether an expression describes change in terms of shaped, non-flat response patterns such as gradients, smooth curves, decay paths, accelerating growth, or diminishing marginal effects. It encompasses how one quantity changes with another or over time, especially when the change is framed as a rate, slope, or curvature rather than a simple static level.
D0275shock characterizationshock characterization measures the extent to which an expression explicitly identifies, describes, or quantifies a shock event in analytic or financial terms. It encompasses references ranging from little or no discernible shock content to clear discussion of shock occurrence, response, type, magnitude, intensity, or classification.
D0276vehicle ownershipvehicle ownership measures the extent to which an expression is specifically about possessing, financing, maintaining, or using a personal vehicle as an owned durable good. It encompasses references to vehicle acquisition, credit, warranty status, mileage, ownership period, and everyday use tied to having a vehicle.
D0277book-to-market emphasisbook-to-market emphasis measures how strongly an expression centers on the book-to-market ratio as a defining financial reference. It encompasses both using book-to-market to sort returns and portfolios and explicitly defining, calculating, or interpreting the ratio itself.
D0278relative rank positionrelative rank position measures whether an expression describes placement within an ordered comparison group. It encompasses percentile standing, hierarchical placement, and explicit top, bottom, or grouped rank assignments relative to peers.
D0279exposure extentexposure extent measures how much an expression describes the amount, level, or quantified degree of exposure to some asset, sector, institution, or risk source. It encompasses both direct statements of total or relative exposure and more formalized summaries that aggregate, weight, or classify exposure.
D0280bidding activitybidding activity measures the extent to which an expression centers on bidding, bidders, bid prices, and auction participation. It encompasses both general references to bids and more explicit auction-process content involving offers, valuations, and bidder behavior.
D0281crowdfunding participationcrowdfunding participation measures the extent to which an expression concerns participation in a crowdfunding campaign, including backers or supporters, pledges or contributions, funding conditions, and campaign targets. It encompasses both general project-related references within crowdfunding and explicit descriptions of supporter-based funding activity.
D0282euro area monetary policy exposureeuro area monetary policy exposure measures whether an expression is specifically anchored to euro area and European Central Bank monetary-policy institutions, operations, announcements, or related financial instruments. It encompasses references ranging from general euro-area financial holdings to direct involvement with central-bank purchases, refinancing operations, liquidity provision, and policy guidance.
D0283variance pricingvariance pricing measures how strongly an expression centers on variance as a priced or quantified feature of returns, including realized variance and the premium associated with bearing variance risk. It encompasses both direct measurement of realized variance and more explicit treatment of variance as something implied, compared, demanded, or rewarded.
D0284comparative difference framingcomparative difference framing measures the extent to which an expression is organized around explicitly stating a difference between two values, groups, returns, prices, or conditions. It encompasses direct contrast language that foregrounds a gap, spread, or discrepancy as the main informational focus.
D0285energy system metricsenergy system metrics measures the extent to which an expression is framed in terms of quantified energy and electricity production, consumption, demand, pricing, or related market indicators. It encompasses references to electricity, power, energy generation, usage, and standardized reporting of these quantities.
D0286share proportionshare proportion measures the extent to which an expression is framed in terms of a share, fraction, or proportion of some larger total. It encompasses references to portions of assets, debt, ownership, lending, or other quantities expressed relative to a whole.
D0287subsidiary affiliationsubsidiary affiliation measures whether an expression is framed around a legally or organizationally distinct subsidiary or affiliate in relation to a parent firm or wider corporate group. It encompasses simple mention of subsidiary status as well as more explicit descriptions of intra-group operations, ownership, financing, and parent-subsidiary relations.
D0288S&P 500 referenceS&P 500 reference measures how specifically an expression is anchored to the S&P 500 as a financial benchmark, index, or source of market-based quantities. It encompasses both general mentions tied to ratings or index membership and more explicit use of the S&P 500 in return, volatility, and price-change formulations.
D0289productivity measurementproductivity measurement measures whether an expression is concerned with defining, estimating, or operationalizing productivity, especially as output relative to inputs or as a residual efficiency component. It encompasses general absence of this theme as well as increasingly explicit and technical descriptions of productivity estimation.
D0290operating profitabilityoperating profitability measures the level of operating income or operating performance, typically expressed relative to assets and sometimes specified before or after depreciation. It encompasses expressions about operating earnings capacity, operating obligations framed against assets, and related operating performance metrics.
D0291conditionality focusconditionality focus measures the extent to which expressions frame quantities, expectations, risks, or actions as dependent on specified conditions, prior information, or changing circumstances. It encompasses explicit reference to conditioning, conditional expectations, conditional variance, and condition-responsive evaluation.
D0292regulatory involvementregulatory involvement measures the extent to which an expression centers on regulation, regulators, regulatory processes, or formal regulatory constraints. It encompasses both general references to regulatory context and more explicit discussion of review, staffing, limits, and evaluative activity by regulators.
D0293positive financial performancepositive financial performance measures whether an expression describes favorable financial outcomes, gains, or positive return-related differences. It encompasses positive returns, beneficial market reactions, favorable premiums, and other financially advantageous comparisons or changes.
D0294credit standards tighteningcredit standards tightening measures the extent to which expressions describe lending or credit standards becoming tighter, stricter, or otherwise more restrictive. It encompasses reports of stricter criteria, tighter conditions, and net balances or percentages indicating shifts in bank lending standards.
D0295participationparticipation measures the extent to which an expression indicates active taking part, engagement, or inclusion in shared processes, decisions, or organized activities. It encompasses both general participation and more direct, active inclusion in collaborative or decision-related roles.
D0296decision discretiondecision discretion measures the extent to which expressions describe judgments, approvals, or rulings as shaped by individualized preference, subjective assessment, or non-differentiated choice rather than fixed mechanical criteria. It encompasses discretionary choice in formal rulings, lending decisions, and approval processes.
D0297borrower profile focusborrower profile focus measures how strongly an expression centers on describing the borrower as an evaluated subject, including borrowing and repayment capacity, credit standing, financial characteristics, and personal attributes relevant to lending or investment judgments.
D0298emerging market affiliationemerging market affiliation measures whether an expression identifies a country, nation, market, firm, or investment exposure as tied to an emerging or less-developed market context. It encompasses both indirect references to involvement with such markets and explicit classification of entities as belonging to them.
D0299exchange-traded fundsexchange-traded funds measures the extent to which an expression centers on exchange-traded funds as the relevant object, mechanism, holding structure, or source of exposure. It encompasses both general mention of exchange-traded-fund-linked market features and more explicit discussion of exchange-traded-fund ownership, redemption pressure, benchmark replication, and related firm or asset exposure.
D0300external financing dependenceexternal financing dependence measures the extent to which expressions describe needing outside capital because internal funds are insufficient for investment or growth. It encompasses reliance on external funding, requirements for outside capital, and explicit dependence on external finance.
D0301sovereign risk exposuresovereign risk exposure measures the extent to which an expression concerns exposure to government debt, sovereign default risk, or the financial burden and consequences associated with such exposure. It encompasses direct holdings, indirect exposure, risk pricing, and related financial effects tied to sovereign obligations.
D0302skewnessskewness measures the degree and direction of asymmetry in a distribution, especially whether outcomes tend to extend more toward higher or lower values rather than remaining symmetric around a central value. It encompasses expressions describing skewed tendencies, departures from symmetry, and explicit asymmetry in returns or other distributions.
D0303securities activitysecurities activity measures the extent to which an expression is centered on securities, securitization, and closely related financial valuation, classification, design, positions, or analysis. It encompasses references to holdings, transactions, exits, gains and losses, asset proportions, pricing, and information about securities.
D0304response sensitivityresponse sensitivity measures how strongly an expression describes one quantity, value, or return as changing in response to another quantity or factor. It encompasses estimated or categorized responsiveness expressed through slopes, elasticities, and related sensitivity statements.
D0305basis-point financial pricingbasis-point financial pricing measures the extent to which an expression uses finance-specific pricing, spread, yield, or cost language centered on basis points and basis relationships. It encompasses references to quoted differences, funding costs, credit spreads, and related market pricing conventions.
D0306peer referencepeer reference measures the extent to which an expression is organized around peers, peer groups, or comparable others as the frame for describing behavior, characteristics, events, or information. It encompasses both simple mention of a peer comparator and fuller aggregation or definition of peer-group patterns.
D0307refinancing activityrefinancing activity measures the presence, amount, occurrence, and risk-related salience of refinancing in an expression. It encompasses references to refinancing costs, withdrawals, originations, exposure, repeated refinancing, and overall refinancing volume or events.
D0308pension funding obligationspension funding obligations measures the extent to which an expression concerns pension plans in terms of contributions, assets, benefits, funding status, and solvency-related obligations. It encompasses both general references to retirement plan funding arrangements and more specific references to underfunding, valuation, and required contributions.
D0309individualism-collectivism orientationindividualism-collectivism orientation measures whether expressions describe a social or cultural emphasis on personal autonomy, self-reliance, and individual responsibility versus group cohesion, collective outcomes, and harmony. It encompasses how strongly expressions frame people or settings in terms of individual independence or collective interdependence.
D0310percentage allocationpercentage allocation measures the extent to which an expression quantifies a share, proportion, or percentage of value, assets, holdings, or activity allocated to some category. It encompasses ratio-based and percentage-based descriptions of how much of a total is represented, invested, held, or deployed.
D0311listing engagementlisting engagement measures the extent and intensity of a person's active interaction with listings through searching, viewing, visiting, browsing, and sustained attention. It encompasses both whether listing-directed activity is present and how deeply or repeatedly listings are explored.
D0312financial position statusfinancial position status measures whether an expression describes a concrete financial holding, condition, transaction status, or institutional position. It encompasses references to firms, funds, investors, portfolios, loans, assets, and related state indicators framed as whether or extent statements.
D0313median referencemedian reference measures the extent to which an expression relies on the median or related central-position benchmarks to describe classification, comparison, or summary. It encompasses explicit mention of median, below-median status, central tendency, and placement relative to a distribution or sample midpoint.
D0314corruption conditionscorruption conditions measures the presence, perceived prevalence, and practical impact of corruption in a public or institutional environment. It encompasses expressions about corruption levels, corruption-related protections, and corruption as an obstacle within civic or economic systems.
D0315crisis period referencecrisis period reference measures whether an expression explicitly locates an observation, event, or interval in relation to a named crisis period. It encompasses references to crisis conditions, crisis windows, crisis onset, and defined crisis years or quarters.
D0316residualized varianceresidualized variance measures the extent to which an expression focuses on outcomes, errors, or variation that remain after adjusting for other influences or modelled predictors. It encompasses references to reserves or retained amounts only weakly, and more strongly emphasizes residual returns, residual errors, residual variation, and model-derived remaining components.
D0317proportional compositionproportional composition measures the extent to which an expression describes a quantity as a fraction, ratio, share, or composition of a larger whole. It encompasses explicit references to portions of totals, subgroup makeup, and heterogeneity defined through relative composition.
D0318mutual fund activitymutual fund activity measures the extent to which an expression is specifically about mutual funds and their investment, ownership, trading, returns, assets, or manager-related market activity. It encompasses both general references to mutual fund investment and more intensive descriptions of mutual fund trading pressure, ownership intensity, assets, and performance-related effects.
D0319quantitative variable specificationquantitative variable specification measures how strongly an expression is devoted to defining, parameterizing, or operationalizing numerical variables and model terms. It encompasses formula-like descriptions of coefficients, logged quantities, terms, rates, volumes, and derived measures used in quantitative analysis.
D0320jump event saliencejump event salience measures how strongly an expression centers on discrete jump events and their properties. It encompasses references to jump risk, jump occurrence, jump size, jump intensity, and related exposure or pricing features.
D0321customer dependencecustomer dependence measures the extent to which an expression describes a supplier's ties to customers as consequential, concentrated, or financially relied upon. It encompasses both the presence of meaningful supplier-customer relationships and stronger forms in which revenue, performance, or investment is tied to particular customers.
D0322corporate governancecorporate governance measures the presence, structure, and evaluation of formal oversight and control arrangements within a firm. It encompasses expressions about governance structures, committees, oversight relationships, and indexed or rated governance provisions and mechanisms.
D0323cryptocurrency focuscryptocurrency focus measures how strongly an expression centers on cryptocurrency-related content. It encompasses general mention of digital assets, trading activity, and more specific discussion of protocol-level supply, issuance, and transaction mechanics.
D0324investor evaluation activityinvestor evaluation activity measures the extent to which expressions describe investors or buyers actively assessing, comparing, ranking, inferring, or allocating based on financial information. It encompasses movement from general or mixed references to capital and strategy toward explicit evaluative and decision-oriented investment behavior.
D0325attention intensityattention intensity measures the extent to which an expression centers on strong, active, or unexpected attention directed toward entities such as stocks or firms. It encompasses general references to attention and monitoring as well as more explicit emphasis on aggregated attention shocks, surprises, and residual attention demand.
D0326funding-relatednessfunding-relatedness measures how strongly an expression is centered on funds, funding, or closely related financial resource and financing concepts. It encompasses references to funding conditions, funding costs, internal funds, and fund-level attributes or policies when those concepts are the main focus of the expression.
D0327two-period framingtwo-period framing measures the extent to which an expression is organized around a two-unit temporal or structural setup, such as two periods, two years, two weeks, or two-agent arrangements. It encompasses references to paired periods, two-part analytic designs, and returns or rates defined over a two-unit horizon.
D0328market-economic framingmarket-economic framing measures the extent to which an expression is framed in terms of markets, returns, rates, employment, or career-entry conditions rather than policy-specific mechanisms or interventions. It encompasses general financial and labor-market reference at one end and increasingly explicit policy-centered economic description at the other.
D0329quarterly framingquarterly framing measures the extent to which an expression is organized around quarter-based time periods or quarterly reporting intervals. It encompasses references to a prior, current, or upcoming quarter as well as quarterly calculations, returns, rates, investments, and other period-specific quantities.
D0330startup organizational developmentstartup organizational development measures the extent to which an expression concerns the formation, staffing, financing, operational tracking, and leadership evolution of a startup. It encompasses references ranging from material outside this theme to increasingly specific indicators of startup growth, structure, and organizational activity.
D0331trading immediacy costtrading immediacy cost measures the price disadvantage or spread associated with executing a trade immediately rather than waiting. It encompasses expressions about the availability of immediate execution and the transaction-cost wedge used to quantify that immediacy.
D0332dealer marketdealer market measures the extent to which an expression centers on dealers as active market intermediaries and describes their role, conditions, or behavior in trading. It encompasses references to dealer participation, dealer-customer structure, and more specific dealer attributes such as concentration, inventory management, pricing behavior, and market power.
D0333CDS marketCDS market measures how strongly an expression centers on credit default swap activity, pricing, positions, and market participation. It encompasses general mention of CDS-related market mechanisms as well as more specific reference to reference entities, dealer activity, notional exposure, and naked positions.
D0334project orientationproject orientation measures how strongly an expression is centered on projects as the focal unit of value, planning, execution, resources, quality, and outcomes. It encompasses both general reference to a project's role and more specific attention to project performance, allocation, and management.
D0335noise trading intensitynoise trading intensity measures the extent to which expressions describe market activity, pricing, orders, signals, or communication as driven by noise rather than fundamental information. It encompasses the presence, magnitude, supply, and effects of non-fundamental trading influences.
D0336annual time framingannual time framing measures the extent to which an expression is organized around a yearly reference period or annualized reporting window. It encompasses explicit mention of years, annual or annualized rates, and twelve-month periods across otherwise varied content.
D0337uncertainty salienceuncertainty salience measures how strongly an expression centers on uncertainty, ambiguity, or difficulty specifying likely outcomes. It encompasses both general references to uncertainty and more explicit emphasis on persistent, interpreted, or quantified ambiguity.
D0338corporate financecorporate finance measures how strongly an expression centers on corporate financial topics. It encompasses references to corporate debt markets, bond returns and spreads, investment activity, financing demand, and related policy, measurement, or capital-allocation language.
D0339regulatory filing activityregulatory filing activity measures the extent to which an expression concerns formal public-market filing, submission, or registry activity involving companies, funds, or holdings. It encompasses both inclusion in filing databases and the active filing of specific forms, schedules, and related submissions.
D0340sports betting orientationsports betting orientation measures the extent to which an expression is framed through betting-market concepts in sports, including odds, spreads, lines, wagers, and team outcomes relative to those markets. It encompasses both general betting-market movement and more team-specific betting performance framing.
D0341oil market activityoil market activity measures the extent to which an expression concerns oil-related pricing, supply, reserves, extraction, infrastructure, and investment. It encompasses both general references to oil market indicators and more specific references to physical stocks, reserves, drilling, and supply conditions.
D0342decision thresholddecision threshold measures the presence of a cutoff, boundary, or trigger point at which an action, state, or strategy changes. It encompasses expressions that define when activity stops, starts, switches, or becomes permissible based on some condition or value.
D0343dollar-denominated valuationdollar-denominated valuation measures the extent to which an expression is framed in terms of monetary value, dollar-based quantity, or dollar-referenced financial measurement. It encompasses direct statements of dollar amounts as well as more specialized references to dollar-based financial metrics, returns, funding, and market characteristics.
D0344research investment intensityresearch investment intensity measures the extent to which an expression indicates active allocation of organizational resources to research and development. It encompasses the presence, amount, and proportional intensity of spending directed toward future product development and long-term innovation activity.
D0345aggregate-level framingaggregate-level framing measures the extent to which an expression describes phenomena at a pooled, collective, or summary level rather than as isolated individual cases. It encompasses references to combined holdings, average or weighted quantities, and country-, market-, or firm-group level summaries.
D0346financial metric framing: quantified financial indicatorsfinancial metric framing: quantified financial indicators measures the extent to which an expression presents financial phenomena through explicit quantified indicators, such as returns, credit, interest, loans, assets, and related economic measures that are calculated, tracked, scaled, or derived.
D0347corporate leveragecorporate leverage measures the extent to which an expression describes a company as financed through debt or other borrowings, including loans, debt ratios, and debt-funded capital structure. It also encompasses signals of financing pressure or constraint that accompany substantial reliance on external borrowing.
D0348accounting return focusaccounting return focus measures the extent to which expressions center on accounting-based performance metrics and their derivation, comparison, or use as indicators of outcomes. It encompasses references to return measures, their aggregation across firms or sectors, and related valuation or performance formulations.
D0349target referencetarget reference measures the extent to which an expression is organized around identifying or describing a designated target entity. It encompasses simple mention of a target as well as more elaborated characterization of the target's attributes, operations, and financial features.
D0350segment-relatedness framingsegment-relatedness framing measures how strongly an expression is organized around describing business segments as distinct units and characterizing their connections, separateness, or comparative standing within a larger firm. It encompasses both general segment-level analytic description and more explicit statements about whether segments share linkages, synergies, or interdependencies.
D0351locationlocation measures whether an expression places a person, company, market, or related entity in a geographic setting. It encompasses broad references to geographic affiliation as well as more explicit statements of residence, location, listing, or headquarters, including references to the United States when stated in the source text.
D0352return momentumreturn momentum measures whether an expression refers to prior return performance carrying forward into current investment sorting, scoring, exposure, or strategy. It encompasses descriptions of cumulative past returns, momentum-based portfolio formation, and momentum as a measured investment attribute.
D0353financial market measurementfinancial market measurement measures the extent to which an expression uses finance- and market-oriented quantitative indicators, especially measures of trading effects, financing constraints, holdings, returns, or market activity. It encompasses references to formal economic quantities, investor positions, and price-related metrics.
D0354supply-chain upstreamnesssupply-chain upstreamness measures how strongly an expression refers to upstream versus downstream position in a production or market chain. It encompasses references to directional placement, supplier distance from consumer-facing endpoints, and related return or volatility descriptions tied to that position.
D0355investment intensityinvestment intensity measures the extent to which an expression describes investment or related financial activity in ratio-based, intensity terms relative to an asset or capital base. It encompasses formulations that define, measure, or characterize expenditures, buying, liabilities, or capital outlays as proportions of assets, capital, or comparable denominators.
D0356financial magnitudefinancial magnitude measures the stated total, principal, value, or aggregate size of financial obligations, funding, loans, debt, or related holdings. It encompasses expressions that quantify how much money, liability, capital, or financial value is being referenced, while preserving the distinction between diffuse financial quantities and explicit aggregate monetary totals.
D0357resource availabilityresource availability measures the extent to which expressions describe funds, financing, credit, opportunities, or other needed resources as present, sufficient, and accessible rather than constrained or absent. It encompasses both internal financial capacity and broader external supply or access conditions.
D0358insurance operationsinsurance operations measures the extent to which an expression is centered on insurer-related business activity, including contracts, premiums, claims, losses, coverage, assets, and financial results. It encompasses both general references to insurer administration and more specific references to underwriting and loss experience.
D0359insider trading activityinsider trading activity measures the presence and extent of expressions about insider trading, including its volume, frequency, strength, composition, and aggregated reporting. It encompasses both general references to insider-related transactions and more explicit quantified descriptions of insider trading activity.
D0360executive orientationexecutive orientation measures the extent to which an expression is framed around executives, executive roles, and executive-level organizational activity. It encompasses both technical references to executive-related firm metrics and broader descriptions of executive leadership, strategy, and value-creating behavior.
D0361quantification framingquantification framing measures the extent to which an expression is cast as an explicit formal measure, indicator, or quantified representation rather than as a direct substantive statement about an event or condition. It encompasses language that presents phenomena through measurement, rates, volumes, shares, models, and derived indicators.
D0362fiscal positionfiscal position measures the state of public finances as expressed through government debt, taxation, budget balance, and sustainability-related indicators. It encompasses expressions about the scale and structure of government financial obligations as well as stronger signals of solvency, surplus, and consolidation.
D0363public health restriction intensitypublic health restriction intensity measures how strongly an expression describes imposed rules that limit in-person activity, gathering, movement, or business operations for disease control. It encompasses both general references to such directives and more specific descriptions of caps, closures, and stay-at-home orders.
D0364loan-related measurementloan-related measurement measures whether an expression is framed around loans, their repayment and performance, or the evaluation of people and portfolios through loan-based indicators. It encompasses references to loan outcomes, loan processing, and institutional or individual metrics derived from lending activity.
D0365monthly return framingmonthly return framing measures the extent to which an expression is organized around returns or performance indexed to a month or monthly period. It encompasses references to monthly returns, prior or current months, and month-bounded performance windows.
D0366reduction extentreduction extent measures how strongly an expression centers on decreases, cutbacks, or contraction in quantities, resources, staffing, spending, or impact. It encompasses both explicit descriptions of measurable reductions and expressions that do not meaningfully describe reduction.
D0367alpha attributionalpha attribution measures the extent to which an expression centers on alpha as a distinct source, estimate, or decomposition of performance. It encompasses references to alpha in portfolio comparisons, model-based estimation, and active-versus-passive performance separation.
D0368net balance framingnet balance framing measures whether an expression is organized around a netted remainder, difference, or balance after offsetting opposing quantities. It encompasses references to gains or returns after adjustment, purchases minus sales, and balances defined by what remains after subtraction or offsetting.
D0369arbitrage activityarbitrage activity measures the extent to which an expression centers on arbitrage processes, participants, opportunities, and returns in market settings. It encompasses both general references to arbitrage-related market dynamics and more explicit descriptions of arbitrageur participation, detected opportunities, traded volume, and realized gains.
D0370financial metric framing: metric construction languagefinancial metric framing: metric construction language measures the extent to which an expression defines, adjusts, aggregates, aligns, or otherwise characterizes a financial measure or indicator, often using formula-like or methodological language to specify what the metric captures.
D0371proxy reference usageproxy reference usage measures the extent to which an expression relies on the term "proxy" or closely related forms to describe a stand-in measure, derived indicator, or proxy-related corporate process. It encompasses both generic use of proxy language and more specific references to proxy statements or contests.
D0372announcement-related market exposureannouncement-related market exposure measures how strongly an expression centers on market behavior, risk, or comparative firm characteristics tied to an announcement or the period around it. It encompasses references to announcement timing, pre-announcement conditions, and market-based indicators such as returns, momentum, pricing, or beta.
D0373asset holding extentasset holding extent measures the presence and degree of focus on owned financial positions, retained assets, or the duration of keeping them. It encompasses expressions about holding periods, holdings levels, and quantified ownership or cash positions.
D0374outsourcing extentoutsourcing extent measures how strongly an expression indicates reliance on externally handled assets, functions, or organizational segments. It encompasses both weak or absent indication of outsourcing-related content and clear statements that a substantial share of activity or assets is outsourced.
D0375component extractioncomponent extraction measures whether an expression refers to an isolated, derived, embedded, or unexplained component within a larger system of variation or value. It encompasses references to latent parts identified through decomposition, accounting, or principal-component style summarization.
D0376long-term orientationlong-term orientation measures the extent to which an expression emphasizes distant time horizons, future consequences, or enduring commitments rather than immediate or stage-bound concerns. It encompasses future-focused outlooks, long-horizon investment or valuation, and attention to long-run persistence.
D0377categorical status assignmentcategorical status assignment measures whether an expression assigns an entity to a named category, class, or threshold-defined status. It encompasses explicit classification language, especially when the assigned status is marked as high, top-tier, or criteria-based.
D0378time-horizon financial measurementtime-horizon financial measurement measures the extent to which an expression frames financial quantities in terms of a specific short- or multi-period interval, especially returns, yields, rates, or benchmarked performance over named durations. It encompasses explicit temporal windows such as three days, three months, and three years used to define how financial outcomes are calculated or interpreted.
D0379quantitative aggregationquantitative aggregation measures the extent to which an expression emphasizes inferred, averaged, normalized, or cross-case quantitative summaries rather than concrete transactional or event-specific details. It encompasses statistical summarization, dependence estimation, consensus formation from indicators, and variability described across units or conditions.
D0380information advantageinformation advantage measures the extent to which expressions center on obtaining, possessing, or benefiting from valuable information, especially information that improves precision, accuracy, or informed decision-making. It encompasses both informational impediments and stronger emphasis on active information acquisition or access to distinctive information.
D0381control rightscontrol rights measures the presence or absence of formal authority, voting power, or contractual rights that determine who can direct decisions or retain control. It encompasses expressions about governance control, ownership-based voting power, and legally specified rights that allocate decision authority.
D0382metropolitan area referencemetropolitan area reference measures the extent to which an expression is framed around a metropolitan statistical area as the organizing unit of description. It encompasses references to metropolitan-area demographics, mobility, market overlap, housing conditions, financial activity, and related ratios or events tied to that geographic unit.
D0383organizational rigidityorganizational rigidity measures the extent to which expressions describe inflexibility, fixed constraints, or difficulty adjusting decisions, employment, costs, or investments. It encompasses both general references to market-facing firm conditions and more explicit descriptions of constrained, discrete, or hard-to-reverse organizational arrangements.
D0384disaster risk saliencedisaster risk salience measures the extent to which an expression centers on the possibility, magnitude, or consequences of disaster events. It encompasses references to disaster occurrence, hazard, modeled chances, and broad economic or household impacts.
D0385trading activity: directional tradingtrading activity: directional trading measures the extent to which an expression centers on buying, selling, share purchases, buy-side behavior, buy-sell imbalances, and related directional transaction dynamics in financial markets.
D0386mortgage distressmortgage distress measures the presence and severity of financially troubled home loans, including negative equity, default, and foreclosure-related loss of the home. It encompasses expressions about mortgage debt exceeding home value as well as lender action following default.
D0387quantitative derivationquantitative derivation measures the extent to which an expression presents a quantity, indicator, or decision rule as explicitly computed, calibrated, or formula-based. It encompasses direct mathematical calculation, linear combination, updating, normalization, and other stated procedures for deriving values from inputs.
D0388predictive orientationpredictive orientation measures the extent to which an expression is framed around using present or past information to anticipate future outcomes, trajectories, or strategic implications. It encompasses forecasting, predictor-based reasoning, and historically informed strategy.
D0389formal business measurementformal business measurement measures the extent to which an expression uses formalized, institutional, and business-analytic language to describe organizations, markets, resources, or performance. It encompasses standardized macroeconomic monitoring, finance-oriented quantitative description, and more explicit organizational assessment or documentation.
D0390alignmentalignment measures the degree to which two or more elements are matched, compatible, or oriented toward the same requirements, interests, movements, or goals. It encompasses fit between characteristics and demands, coordination between incentives and objectives, and correspondence between one pattern and another.
D0391contractual protectioncontractual protection measures the extent to which expressions describe formal protective provisions, payout rights, or withdrawal terms embedded in agreements or governing arrangements. It encompasses both minimal or absent special access to such provisions and explicit, highly specified protective clauses.
D0392financial market technicalityfinancial market technicality measures how strongly an expression uses specialized, formalized financial market language and analytic framing. It encompasses references to abstract pricing, portfolio construction, risk decomposition, and market microstructure rather than general or instructional financial wording.
D0393five-year horizon focusfive-year horizon focus measures the extent to which an expression is framed around a five-year period or closely related multi-year window. It encompasses references to outcomes, risks, returns, rates, costs, or holdings defined over that time horizon.
D0394minority expropriation riskminority expropriation risk measures the extent to which expressions describe controlling owners or insiders diverting value, extracting private benefits, or otherwise disadvantaging minority holders. It encompasses weak or absent signals of this theme as well as explicit descriptions of tunneling, value diversion, and private-benefit extraction.
D0395financial information engagementfinancial information engagement measures the extent to which an expression centers on active handling, exchange, or interpretation of financial information and transactions. It encompasses movement from formal loan-loss or repayment language, through neutral quantified financial reporting, to direct communicative and insight-seeking involvement with financial matters.
D0396acquisition activityacquisition activity measures the presence and extent of acquisition-related actions, events, or transactions in an expression. It encompasses references to acquiring firms or equity, acquisition spending or value, and explicit reporting of acquisition events.
D0397institutional interventioninstitutional intervention measures the extent to which an expression centers on formal interventions, exceptions, or rule-based actions that alter outcomes within an organizational, legal, or policy setting. It encompasses both explicit intervention language and related descriptions of authorized mechanisms that permit, prohibit, offset, or otherwise shape decisions and consequences.
D0398housing supply elasticityhousing supply elasticity measures how readily housing construction or housing stock can expand in response to demand, price signals, or local constraints. It encompasses expressions about the ease, responsiveness, and limits of adding new housing supply.
D0399loan originationloan origination measures the extent to which an expression is centered on the originating institution, intermediary, channel, or requirements of a loan. It encompasses whether lending activity is absent or incidental, mentioned in transactional or institutional terms, or directly focused on who originated the loan and how origination was carried out.
D0400market expectation focusmarket expectation focus measures the extent to which an expression centers on anticipating, testing, or eliciting future market outcomes rather than describing technical decomposition of past or contemporaneous market behavior. It encompasses forward-looking forecasts, evaluative inquiry, and market-state classification based on expected or inferred price behavior.